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How could the botanist best determine whether the genotype of the green-pod plant is homozygous or heterozygous?

  By GK Planet Team      
Q. How could the botanist best determine whether the genotype of the green-pod plant is homozygous or heterozygous?

A. Cross the green-pod plant with another green-pod plant.
B. Cross the green-pod plant with a yellow-pod plant.
C. Self-pollinate the green-pod plant.

Answer:Cross the green-pod plant with a yellow-pod plant.

An organism can be homozygous dominant, if it carries two copies of the same dominant allele, orhomozygous recessive, if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele. Heterozygous means that an organism has two different alleles of a gene.

To identify whether an organism exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific allele, a scientist can perform a test cross. The organism in question is crossed with an organism that is homozygous for the recessive trait, and the offspring of the test cross are examined.

If a mutation occurs in just one copy of the gene then that individual is considered heterozygous. On the other hand if both copies of a gene are mutated then that individual is homozygous genotype.

Homozygous is referred to by two capital letters (XX) for a dominant trait, and two lowercase letters (xx) for a recessive trait.

Do you Know?
Gregor Mendel was one of the foundational thinkers in genetics, and the peas he used are a good place to start understanding inheritance. Mendel bred tall and short pea plants and found a pattern in the height of their offspring. Height is an example of a phenotype, or trait that an organism expresses. Mendel figured out how the trait of height was related to genotype, or the genetic code. Homozygous plants, plants with two of the same allele, had tall or short alleles and were tall or short, respectively. Heterozygous plants, which had one tall and one short allele, were tall. He deduced that the allele for tallness was dominant, or always expressed, and that the allele for shortness was recessive, or only expressed when both alleles coded for short plants.
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