What are the five kingdoms of living things?

Fives Kingdoms of Living Things

Living organisms are divided into five kingdoms:

• Prokaryotae
• Protoctista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Empire Prokaryota →Kingdom Monera

Empire Eukaryota	Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia

Prokaryotae

• Unicellular and Microscopic.
• Non-membrane bound (no nuclear membrane, no ER, no mitochondia).
• Cell wall made of murein.
• Examples: Bacteria or Cyanobacteria (photosynthesising bacteria).

Eukaryote

A eukaryote  is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes belong to the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. The defining feature that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea) is that they have membrane-bound organelles, especially the nucleus, which contains the genetic material and is enclosed by the nuclear envelope. The presence of a nucleus gives eukaryotes their name, which comes from the Greek εὖ (eu, "well" or "true") and κάρυον (karyon, "nut" or "kernel"). Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. In addition, plants and algae contain chloroplasts. Eukaryotic organisms may be unicellular or multicellular. Only eukaryotes form multicellular organisms consisting of many kinds of tissue made up of different cell types.

Eukaryotes can reproduce both asexually through mitosis and sexually through meiosis and gamete fusion. In mitosis, one cell divides to produce two genetically identical cells. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell (haploid cells). These act as sex cells (gametes – each gamete has just one complement of chromosomes, each a unique mix of the corresponding pair of parental chromosomes) resulting from genetic recombination during meiosis.